Railway truck



Sept. 2, 1952 D. s. BARROWS 'ETAL RAILWAY TRUCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 FiledFeb. 12, 1946 m W: Ww .mdak Z B0 S 3 mm k G Sept. 2, 1952 D. s. BARROWSETAL 9 3 RAILWAY TRUCK Filed Feb. 12, 194s 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 2,1952 D. s. BARROWS ETAL RAILWAY TRUCK Filed Feb. 12, 1946 DozzaZdBa(11211.22 .2? Couch,

Patented Sept. 2 1952 ester,"N. Y., assignors to TheSymingtomGou'ldCorporatiomflochester, N.- Y;,-a corporation 'nf Maryland :5

Application February, 12, 1946, SerialNo.-647,139

a intention pertains to a railway'truck'and more particularly to. aflexible type thereof;

An objector theinvention is the provision, in

arailway truck, .of an improved holster-side eonnectionwhicli will'Qallow the side frame torexeclite a .holdhy-liorse .orrockingsactionrelat'ive' to the bolster. .Anotherobiectof theinventionistheprovis'ion, 1111a railway truck,- of' an improved bolster and sidegimme-connection whichi-willinermit a relative rocking motion betweenthe side .frame and bolster, arrest .a horizontal angular ,movemen'ttherehetween and resist a transverse rocking motion therebetween.

.A still further object not the "intention istheprovisiominarailwayitruck;..of asideframe havingtademountaiblevchairtiriterlockeditherewith at a Tbols'ter openingji'thereofrland a "bolster end mounted directly on the chair .insuch amanner as to incorporatea quick wheel rchangefeature inthleIloolsLter-sideframe connection and to afford arollingor rockingaction or the side 'frameand chair relative .'to thelbolster "in a foreand aft direction orlongitudinally or the truck with substantially norelative movement th'ereh'etween transversely of the truck.

The above and numerous "other objects of the invention willbeoomeapparentifromthe succeeding description offlan exemplified (form of theinvention which is illustratedloy various viewsjin the accompanyingdrawings which ro'rma part of the presentdescripftion and wherein:

' Figure Pi a partialside elevational,andpartial vertical sectionalviewiofarailwayltrucksembodying the present invention.

Figure 25s a partial "planuand partialh'orizontal sectional view oftherailway truck shownin Figure 1 and being considered along-thelines2+2 thereof in the direction was indicated by the arrows.

Figure 3 is anvenlarged sectional vview taken along 'the'linesI3- 3offFigure 'lfloo'kingin the direction or the arrows.

fFi'gu1eAis asectionalview taken along theilines 1-5 "of'Figme3,1'looki-ng in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 5 an erflargedlsetitional' view taken along the linesS -AS 10fFigure 31,.lodking .in the direction of the arrows Figure-6 is .ahorizontal Lsectional view taken along the finest-s6. ofnFigure 4' andlooking inthe direction of the arrows.

iEigure. Us a vertical sectional view taken along the lines 1 -1oiFigureB ,andlookingtintheidirccticn of the ...arrows.

"25 Claims; Cl. 105 203 ,jEigure i8 is an outline side elevational*ViE'W showing some of the components or"- the railway truck .anabnormal position.

Referring now in detail to the drawings, wherein like referencecharacters indicata'like parts, the numeral lls empioyedto designate-ina general manner; arailwaytruck embodyingthe present invention. Therailway truck generally eomprises'a Lsi'deTrameE light of weight,"rigid,strong andsimplefin design andpwhich preferably has'jits ends 3iormed'with housingstatoraccommodatestructure similar to that disclosedclaimed in the application "for Letters Patent or D. S. rBarrowsSerial'No. 630230, filed November 23, 19411; for'jRailwayffTruck. Tothis extent, therefore, the illustrated side frame is supportedresiliently by journal boxes (not shown) spaced longitudinallyofthe-truck. 'lit will, of course,"be clearly understood that'the sideframe illustrated is'only one of a* pair employed in 'a truck "and.thateach railway truck includes a 'siderrameat eadh'transverse sidethereof "but, for-the sake of brevit only one side frame'wi'll be"herein illustrated and described.

The side frame comprisesatopor compression member A and a bottom ortension member 5"both of whiclr'unite at or adjacent the respective ends3 to continue therebeyon'd to form suitable housings Sa-for theaccommodation of supportingand associated mechanisms whichnray be asclearly taught .in the application ,of DPS?- "Barrows supra; Thecompression member, intermediateits ends, is "formed of generalinvertedU shapeinvertical cross section to present a horizontal webifihaving depending from the transverse edges thereoi'fianges l whichterminate injreentranjt flanges 28. The tension member is; whatmight beclassified as, catenarn-double truss type of load arrying member inthat'it'is formed asan integral member with a curved "bottom portion?!)and oppositely extending upwardly inclined end portions Ill tangentialwith the curved portion; The tension memberhas an outer orloweritruss I1 comprising inner and outer sideflanges l,2*having their maximnmdepthintermediate their ends at or ,ad'jacentto a transverse verticalplane'of thettrnck whichischaracterized by thediagrammatic lineArAiinFigures and a of the drawings 'Preferablyfor therentire length of theten sion memberthe lower trussflanges. are united by a Joottomtflange1,3 which iollows the contour of th'elower edges or the flanges alongthe eatenary line;

Jhe compression and tension ..memb.ers are joined intermediate their.en'dshy agpair of guide 3 columns I l spaced a predetermined distanceapart to form a central window opening l5 therebetween. Between each end3 and a related guide column there appears a side opening 15a oftriangular formation and defined by the compression member, aslopingportion of the tension member and a guide column. The lower truss sideflanges merge, adjacent their top edges, into reentrant flanges it whichextend inwardly of the side frame for a predetermined distance. A top orinner truss I1 is formed integrally with the bottom or lower truss and,between the guide columns, presents a substantially fiat or horizontalshelf [8 having depending therefrom transversely spaced inner flanges l9which merge with the free or inner extremities of the reentrant flangestherebeneath (see Figures 3 and 4). As the inner flanges progress fromthe transverse vertical plane of the truck they meet the related guidecolumn where they are stepped transversely or outwardly of the sideframe as at [9a and thus continue as at l9b longitudinally of the sideframe where, at or about the center of the side window they feather outinto the reentrant flanges along the inclined portions of the tensionmember. Preferably at a point within the limits of the window openingthe flat shelf continues longitudinally of the side frame through theguide columns as upwardly curved tie plates 29. Each of these tie platesis bifurcated as at 2| within the area of the related column andcontinues as a gusset 22 upwardly along the inclined portion of thetension member to blend into or merge with the reentrant flanges at orabout the V same location as the feathering out of the inner flanges.

Each guide column is preferably channelshaped in horizontal crosssection and as such includes a vertical web 23 merging horizontally intotransverse vertical inner and outer flanges 24 and 24a respectively. Thecolumn flanges form in effect downward continuations of the compressionmember flanges I and are in vertical alignment with and joined to theparts IQ?) of the top truss inner flanges.

Reverting to the general description of the side frame housing a littlemore detailed description thereof may be required to clarify the sideframe design which forms a part of the present invention. The hOllSillgat each end of the side frame is defined at its upper limits by the web6 of the compression member following the lines of an ogee or reversecurve as at 312 and which reaches its greatest height at a predetermineddistance toward the window opening from a transverse vertical planepassing through the center of a related axle (not shown) as indicated bythe vertical diagrammatic line B--B in Figure 1 of the drawings. Themerged flanges of the compression and tension members formlongitudinally spaced jaws 30 opening toward one another and definingtherebetween a transverse opening 3d for the accommodation of a journalbox (not shown).

The gussets 22 of the tension member, as they approach an apex of thetriangular side opening again merge as at 3e to follow, for apredetermined distance, the outline of the side opening and at arequired elevation is directed horizontally and toward a related end ofthe side frame to form longitudinally spaced spring seats 3f. As thespring seat forming web reaches the end of the side frame it is directeddownwardly and vertically to form an end wall 39 of the related jaw. Itwill be here noted that the extension of the compression member webmerges as at 371. with the sprin seat forming web as it is directeddownwardly tto form the end wall 3g. An end wall 31 of the other jaw isformed by bottom flange l3 being, in the area of the outer apex of thetriangular side opening, directed downwardly and vertically. A finalobservation in connection with the housing design is that the outer jawat each housing is terminated a slight distance below a horizontal axisof an axle as indicated by the diagrammatic line CC in Figure 1 whilethe companion jaw extends an appreciable distance below this samehorizontal axis. The jaws are thus designed because at the presentwriting it is believed necessary to provide a safety or tie means withthe inner jaw only such as at the hanger 370 to engage a part of thejournal box and thus limit a vertical separating movement of the journalbox and side frame. When the journal box strikes the safety means itwill be canted slightly so that an upper outer corner thereof may strikethe outer jaw at or about a location indicated by the arrow 3m. By thisarrangement, therefore, a considerable saving in weight is effected andthe moment which tends to break off the outer pedestal or jaw ismaterially reduced.

Removably mounted upon the tension member within the lower area of thewindow opening is a chair or adapter casting 25 which forms an interlockbetween the side frame and a bolster 25 and performs numerous functionswhich will be hereinafter made apparent. The chair or adapter casting isprovided with a lower or base wall 2] presenting a fiat, plane ordownward facing surface 28 arranged normally to bear directly upon thecorrespondingly disposed surface lBa of the inner truss of the tensionmember. If during assembly of the component parts of the truck or afterextended service runs thereof it is found that the center plate (notshown) carried by the bolster intermediate its ends is not disposed at arequired elevation so as to maintain a proper coupler height then, andin that event, shims (not shown) and of any required thickness may beintroduced between the chair surface 28 and tension member surface I8a.This addition of shims will raise the chair and bolster and consequentlythe center plate to a desired or required height.

Forming an interlock between the chair or adapter casting and the inneror top truss of the side frame is a pair of side wall extensions or ribs29 which overlie the flat shelf of the inner truss inwardly andoutwardly thereof. This straddling effect of the chair not only preventsa shifting or unwarranted displacement of the chair transversely of thetruck but, as will be noted, a housing is thus formed at the juncture ofthe surfaces 28 and Mia so that any shims placed at this location willbe positively retained in operable position.

Rising vertically from or a predetermined distance above the transverseedges of the chair base wall and preferably in alignment with the ribs29 are transversely spaced inner and outer' walls 30 and 30a; the innerwalls of which extend longitudinally of the truck a sufficient distanceso as to permit the' introduction of the chair into the window opening(see Figure 7), that is to say, the length of the inner wall is a trifleless than the distance between plane faces 23a of the colums and becauseof this arrangement or design the chair can be cupped over the tensionmember inner truss from the outside anosree'za offithetruck'andalsoaitwill bembvious fromcthe:

above-swat itsnremoval for: the purpose :of

spection; eshi-mming; etc; may: benmadeifrom the 7 samevsidea 10f.rthemtruck'. The. :cuterrwall 30a: of; y

the chain-is; on; the; other; hand, extended :hori-.

zontallwbeyond-tha clear Lopening; into. the.- wine dew wopening =tothereby. present. outer. .lugs 3 l whiclraabut. thecolumn outertflanges24% out:

wlardly' thereof and thus; afford. an .added guard against thechairzbeing, .inxservice,r..displaced:ine

wardlyof :the. truck.:.. Extending :horizontallytbera tween." and 13'oinin'g: :the upper 'limits: ;of the $0113.11?

inner ;and.;outer.- swallsvis; a. bearing OI't',tODT Wall32.:1which;:isroficthe samev width.- transverselyjof the l-truckl; as:its companion base wall. and. also desirablyterminates; short. of: thecolumns, to

permit assembly of the chair .EHd'fSidfi fI'flHlGi; Extending};vertically. and ;transversely= of the truckiara a rseries: of:reinforcing ,-Walls -33 which join. a1l:the.other walls ,oftthef chairto reinforce.

its-against rstressesvto which itwill beisubjected inservica: The;ends-.34tof the bearing wall are,

adjacent. the-columns; madegrelatively flat-as at. 3 5.whilevanintermediate.portion '36 is. some.- w-hatelevatedor raisedabove theends to thereby present a. bearinggwall-of stepped; arrangementfor the. purposeto be hereinafter made apparent (see: Figure 17)disclosed-.1 portion. of usual design inthat it extends betweenthe-.sidefiframesand is. provided with a usual center. plate (notshown).. inter-.- mediate itsends 38. The-bolster; whichfunctions as ai-transom. astthat component is recognized in the art, has: an. end.portion. 38" extending into an..asso.ciated..side frame. window openingI5 with. eachv end....portion comprising vertically spaced 1.substantially horizontaltop. and bottom wal1s"..39i.,and. (respectivelyjoined. integrally adjacent their transverse limits ,by verticallydirected horizontally. spaced side walls", 41';

In' the particularart to whichthis" invention.

appertain's it"is. well known that. surfaces upon whichwh'eels ofiarailway truck .roll'are not at.

allitinies in the same or a constant plane: That is'lto say; contiguousrail ends ofttimes'present steps, up. and"'down,' over which'awheel musttraverse;v Steps are also present in rail'crossovers, switches,,etc. anddueto these and other i irregularities inthe rails" alonga right ofwayit is'not'uncommon'. for one "or'more wheels of a" four wheel truck todrop below or raise above" the level'of the remainingiwheels of thetruck: Recognizing: these existing and unavoidable con ditions-as thecause of the side frames, during; running service;executingarocking'action'often referredto": by "those "skilled in" theart" as "a' hobby-horse actionbecause'the side frames simu-latesuchan-action, means has been in or the supporting wheels? is practicallypossible; a-constant full and complete b'earin'g between 1 thecenterbearings or plates (not shown) ofvzthe truclc and body loc'xlsters" (notshown) as;-wel-1 as =proyi'de the -truckwith easy riding qualitiesa;

Toward.the accomplishmentzofithe aboyestheret is. formed. on the:intermediate :portion of. :the chair bearing plate. a concave,.:cylindrical;- 1up;-.- wardly facing: surface 42 :of a .givenaxor: predeatel-mined curvature. Thebottom; wall iofltheil bolster end is.provi'dedwith a convex;;cylindrical;; downwardly" facing surface. 43 which is.desirably: 1: andpreferably of less radius than the-.curvature;: of the.chair bearing plate: :(seeFigure 7 .'I'he;;.

-convex bolster surfacebears. directly uponxtheiz chair concave surfaceand is; consideringadia rection' transversely of: thetruck,.coextens'nrex:v therewith. Theoretically, the .actualpcontactibe-i.tween the curved surfaces lies normally in .or

adjacent to the: vertical transverseplaneofthen:

side: frame-line .A.-A-with. thezconcentratedsi load fromthewtransonrformed bolster. to the: side'frame passing normallythroughzthisvera tical plane and received-by the; side frame .atzor:adjacent tortlie. center-0f the. catenary doublet. truss tension member.Thus; by so forming the" bearing areas-or .surfaces between. the.bolster-r end and chair, a rolling .movementz'will. be :ex-a.

ecuted: by theside: frame: and still maintain ori;

establish. an adequate. bearing area between the bolster and chair.Further, it may behere ob -w served that due to the broadvtransversecontact between the arcuate bolsterand' chair surfaces; 43 andMany vertical angling. tendency .of. them:-

-bolster relative to the .side frame will be posit-x tively resisted.

Contracting surfaces on the bolster and: sides frameto limit thesideframe'roll maybearranged. in variousrelationships such assubstantiallytruly 1 verticalsurfaces on the. side. frame columnsto; belt engagedbysurfaces .on the. bolsterzisideiwal'ls; spaced from. and disposed at an"angle to the: col-- umn vertical surfaces; Another common expedi+-entisxto form truly vertical surfaces: on:thebolster: side walls spacedfrom but disposed at an angle to inclined surfaces on the; guidecolumns; By. these methods or surface relationships attempts-1 are madeto bring about a surface contactbe-- tween the bolster and sideframe tolimit a move.-..- ment therebetween. It has been found in actual?practice. that the surface dispositions; asv above: described do not, atalltimes, function as in-' tended because the side frame-and--bolsters:arer not machined at the columns and portionsof the:

bolster, intended to. contact. the. columns... While;

it might be intended that a full and completesure; face bearing beeffected between the'columnsand: sidewalls of thebolster,.conditionsimighti be such: that, as the side 1 frame 'rolls.under the bolster"; only the bottom". edge oricorner of the side; wall;wall contact the column andunderrthis. condition; the bolster'will havea tendency topverturn under. an impact directed longitudinally of thecar body; With the aboveundesirable possibly existingcone;

.. ditionslin mind the inner surfaces ZSw-ofthecob umns are formed trulyvertical so-that the side defining surfaces of the window opening arepar-- allelv to onenanother. The bolster sidewalls ill have formedthereon outer'surfaces which are spaced a predetermined distance awayfrom the planezparallel surfaces23'a of the colu'mns. These outer wallsurfaces M are, for a greaterpartthere of,. disposed in a-vertical'planeand parallel to one-another andto the column surfaces can;

being spaced a sufficient distance from-the column'surfacesto avoid, atany time, a contact be tween the parallel portions-ct these relatedsunfaces. For a relatively small 'distance'down fromth'e'top of thebolster the outer 'surfaces=44 -thereof-= are-incl ined-or slopeinwardly ofthe bolstereset 7 with-these inclined portions being disposedat an angle to the remainingvertical. portion of the related outersurface. As clearly indicated in Figure 8 of the drawings, any completerolling action of the side frame relative to the bolster will result ina surface bearing relationship between the column surface 23a and thebolster inclined surface 45 only and by reason of this construction andrelationship the area of reaction between the side frame and bolster isdefinitely raised or located at an elevation very close to a horizontalplane of a center plate to defeat any tendency of a bolster to overturn.

It is well known in the art that during running service'the bolster andside frames of a railway truck are subjected to external impulses whichtend to shift these components relative to one another longitudinally ofthe truck. By way of example, the bolster tends to shift relative to theside frame when shocks are imparted to the car body through the coupler,and the side frames tend to move horizontally relative to a bolster whenthe wheels pass over contiguous rails, crossovers, switches, etc. Theseshocks may be of such intensity as to urge one surface 44 of the bolsterinto abnormal intimate contact with an opposing column surface 23awhich, in such instances would alter the relationship between thecylindrical surfaces 42 and 43. To avoid other than a rolling actionbetween the convex and concave surfaces there is provided, in thepresent structure, a holding means which will maintain a predeterminedrelationship between the side frame and bolster. Various types ofholding means may be incorporated in a structure embodying the presentinvention but at the present writing it is preferred to employ a toothedarrangement. Accordingly, the holding means is herein characterized by aseries of teeth 45 which lie in a circular path such as in an internalgear and are formed integrally with the chair. As herein illustrated,but not so necessarily limited, the chair is provided with two parallelpaths of teeth; one path at each transverse side of the chair concavesurface and formed at or near the juncture of the chair bearing plateand inner and outer walls. While the chair teeth do not or are notintended to carry any vertical load they are, however, subjected tohorizontal shear and bending stresses and accordingly it is deemedadvisable to embed the teeth in the chair so that the dedendum of theteeth indicated at Z in Figure 3 is below the concave surface and theaddendum of the teeth indicated at Y is above the concave surface (seeFigure 3). This disposition of the teeth, therefore, places the pitchcircle or line of the teeth of each row in the same arcuate path as theconcave surface so that substantially the strongest part of the teeth issubjected to the service shearing and bending forces. The portion of thechair at the base of each row of teeth is sloped outwardly anddownwardly of the chair as at 47 to thereby function as a drain for theescape of any foreign matter which might find its way between theworking surfaces of the teeth.

The chair teeth being thus formed as segments of an internal gear, eachbolster end is also provided with a double row of teeth 48 which arespaced oppositely from and intermesh or interlock with the chair teeth.What has been said regarding the office of the chair teeth is equallyapplicable in connection with the bolster teeth because they cooperateto maintain a predetermined relationship between the bolster and chair,Accordingly, each row of bolster teeth is emr 8" bedded in the .bolsterwith the de'dendum of the teeth of each row and. as indicated by thechar= acter X extending from the line of curvature of the bolster convexsurface inwardly of the bolster and the addendum of the teeth ofeach rowas indicated by the character W extendin from the convex surface line ofcurvature downwardly or outwardly of the bolster. The pitch circle orline of each row of bolster teeth is as above indicated coincident withthe line of curvature of the bolster convex surface. To furtherreinforce the bol- 'ster teeth against service stresses there isprovided It will here be noted that the rows of teeth on the bolster andchair not only prevent a sliding or shifting action between the bolsterand side frame or chair but they also prevent the bolsterfrom executinga horizontal pivotal movement relative to the side frame. In this regardthe railway truck may be considered or classified as of a rigid type atleast insofar as one side frame is prevented from assuming a positionout of transverse alignment with a companion side frame. Aside from thisone feature of rigidity the truck, of course, will be recognized as ofan extremely fiexible type since the bolster-side frame connectionallows a relatively wide range of adjustability in response to serviceside frame movements.

The present or illustrated construction is also desirably of a quickwheel change type and in this regard it will be observed by referringparticularly to Figure 6 that no outer lugs are provided on the bolsterto prevent the free withdrawal of a bolster end from the window openinginwardly of the truck; it being recalled that the outer guides 3! on thechair function as a means for preventing an accidental horizontalseparation of the chair and consequently the bolster and the side frame.To limit movement of the bolster outwardly of the side frame there areprovided guide lugs 50 on the bolster side walls inwardly of the truckfrom the side frame. These guide lugs which extend longitudinally of thetruck are positioned in close proximity to the columns so that anytransverse external impulses will pass between the side frame andbolster through the guides 50 and columns.

As previously stated the ends of the chair bearing wall are formedrelatively flat as at 35 and these portions are spaced a sufficientdistance below correspondingly disposed or relatively flat portions 5|of the bolster bottom wall so that as the side frame and chair rollbelow the bolster end there will be no contact between the portions 35and El to interfere with such rolling movement. Upstanding verticallyfrom the fiat chair portions are posts or studs 52 formed integrallywith the chair and extending through suitable accommodating apertures 53in the bolster bottom wall. Locking means, cotters or keys 54 areassociated with or threaded through the studs adjacent their upper freeextremities to thereby present a safety device guarding against anaccidental or unwarranted separation of the bolster, chair and sideframe.

From the above it will be noted that various changes and alterations maybe made to the described and illustrated exemplary structure withoutdeparting from within the spirit of this invention and scope of theappended claims,

' n a spring plankless ltruckrthe combination at sideciramepresentingvawindow opening; a rchairsmterlockedi :iwith' a .:;'portion"of: saidside 'iframegzarconcavmsnrface ionasaid chair; upwardly:iaxtendingiteth zonrsaid: chain-.19, :load carryingimembe'rlhavingaanlendi extending into said winitdowopening-:1aiconvex'surface ontsaldlOad-carrY- Zing member'rend';saidwiconvex' surface being of shorter radius than and bearing uponSZtIflTCOII- cave surface, and downwardlyvzextendmg teeth inn saidloadicarrying I'memb'er 'endimeshing with said .teeth' on said chair forresisting horizontal iangling: movement betweenrsaida load carryingimemberandichair. t

23m: a spring iplankless trnck; the "combina- 'tion' of a 'side "frame"presenting 'awind'ow openinga chair interlocked with a tension ifimemberof saidsideiiframe, :a" concave surface on sai'd 1 fsllvemlaimz 1 chair,upwardly extendingteeth on 'said chair, a

bolster extending into said window opening, .a.

" convex surface on said bo1ste'r of shorter radius ithan 'andbearingupon said concavesurface, and downwardly extending teeth on 'saidbolster meshing'vvithsaid teethbn said chair; pitch lines of said teethmeeting at'the contact between said convex-and concave surfaces.

"In a springp'lankless truck, the combination *-or; a"side iramepresenting a window opening, a

"chair interlocked-with a tension member of said:

s'id'e' frame; a concave surface onsaid chair, teeth on said chairhaving a pitch line approximating the curvature of-said concave surface,a bolster extending into said window' opening, a convex'surfaceonsai'd-bolster of less radius than'and bearingrupon saidconcave surface, and teeth on said bolster intermeshing 'With said.chair x'te'eth: said bolster teethhaving a pitch line approximatingithecurvature of said convex surface.

41 In a spring plankless truck, the combination of; a sideframepresenting a window opening, a a chair interlocked withxa tensionmember of said side frame, a "concave surface on said chair, teethpartially within's'aid chair, a bolster extending 'into said Windowopening; a convex surface on;

"said bolster of .less radius than and bearing upon said concavesurface, and teeth formed partially -within= said bolster and'intermeshing' with said i chair teeth liori'maintaining said chair andbolster --ag'ainstrelative horizontal angling movement.

-5.'In' a spring plankless truck, the combination of,asideframefpresentmg a window opening, a i chair interlocked with: atension member of said side frame, a concave surface on said chair,teeth partially within'said chair, a'b'olster extending. r-

-into-said window-opening, a convex surface on said bolster of lessradius than and bearing upon I said concave surfacexo'f said chain'andteeth :formed partially within said bolster and intermeshing with saidcha'ir teeth; apitch line of 'said chainteethicoinciding with saidconcave surfacatandia pitch. line of said bolster teeth co- .rtinciding"with" said convex surface 1 f or maintainhingsaid chair andbolsteraagains t relative horizontal angling movement.

6. In aspringcplankl'esstruck, the combination surfaca'and teethadjacent said convex/surface and carried by said-bolster for-engagingsaidaflrst inamed teeth.

bolster: extending into said window. openingand .having a convex surfacearranged to roll-zonz-said concave surface, and teeth adjacentsaidconvexsurface and carriedby saidrbolster for-engaging said first namedteethysaid surfaces beinga arrangedto. carry the entirevertical-.loadwpassing fromsaid bolster tosaid side frame tensionmember.

8. In a spring planklesstruck, :the'combination'of a side framepresentinga window opening, a doubletruss tension member-defining; thelower limits of said window opening; alower truss :of said tensionmember beingof 'acatenarytype and "an upper trussv of said tensionmember presenting a fiat surface;-fa-chair interlocked with said uppertruss and having a fiatsurfacexbearin'g'upon-said first-named flatsurface, "a concave surface on said chair above-said flat surfaceyabolster extending into said windowopeningta convex surface on saidbolster oflesslradius than and bearing upon said concave surace;'a'ndfmeans on said bolster and chair-forpreventinga,horizontalshiftingof saidrbolster relati-vettoisaid -chair "longitudinally" of csaid side frame.

- 9. In a spring plankless truck; the: combination of; a sidelfra'mepresentinga window openin'gya double truss tension-member" defining the:lower limits -of s'aidwindow openingsa lower itruss of 401 and anuppertruss of "said tensionmember: presenting a fiat surface betweenoblumnspisaidbide said tension member being of .a 'catenary type frame,a chair'interlocked with said upper'tr'uss and having a fiat surfacebearing'upon said 'first .namedfiat surfacaaconcave surfacepn saidchair, a" bolster extending: into said window opening, a 'lower'con'vexsurface on said bolster-of less radius than andbe'aring upon saidconcave surface; and interlocking means 1 on said bolster u s and chairfor allowing a rolling motion bf said chair relativeto'said bolster andarresting a horizontal angularzm'ovement of said bolster relat'ive tosaid chair.

"'10." In a springplankless truck; the combinationof, a side framepresenting awindowopening, a double truss tension member defining Tthelower limits of "said window opening, a lower=truss of said tensionmember being of a catenary type and an upper truss of said itension'.member presenting' a flat surface between vertically faced 'columns ofsaid sidez'frame; achairinterlocke'd with said upper truss'and'vhavinga'fi'at surface bearing upon said first .named'fflat surface; a

""bolstenextendin'g into said window: opening between said verticallyfaced columns, "contacting arcuate surfaces of different radiion saidbolster r. :and :chair for affording fa rolling action :between saidbolster and chair; and interlocking means on said-bolster and chair formaintaining 'a pre- :determined relationship 'therebetween.

11. In a spring plankless: truck; the combination of, a side framepresenting a'window open- ;:ing; a removable chair interlockedwithfatension member of said sidevfram'e :and occupying a lower area .of:said:window opening, a bolster extending into said window opening, contactingarcuate surfaces of different radii on said bolster and chair foraffording a rolling action between said bolster and chair, andinterlocking gear teeth on said bolster and chair for arresting ahorizontal angular movement therebetween. g

'12. In a spring plankless truck, the combination of, a side framepresenting a window opening, vertically faced columns defining sides ofsaid window opening, a removable chair mounted upon and stationary withrespect to a tension member of said side frame, a bolster formed withcontacting arcuate surfaces of different radii, a chair for affording arolling action between said bolster and side frame, intermeshing meanson said bolster and chair for arresting a horizontal angular movementtherebetween, and surfaces on sides of said bolster disposed at an angleto and arranged to contact said vertically faced columns for limitingsaid rolling action.

13. In a chair for use in a railway truck, the combination of, a lowerwall having a fiat surface arranged to bear upon a correspondinglyformed surface of a side frame, ribs inwardly and outwardly of said sideframe extending below said fiat surface for locking said chair to saidside frame, a concave cylindrically formed surface spaced above saidflat surface and disposed between vertical planes of said ribs, andstuds upstanding from said chair and arranged to extend into a bolster;said concave surface being curved longitudinally of said chair.

14. In a chair for use in a railway truck, the combination of, a lowerwall having a fiat surface arranged to bear upon a correspondinglyformed surface of a side frame, ribs inwardly and outwardly of said sideframe extending below said fiat surface for locking said chair to saidside frame, a concave surface spaced above said flat surface, and gearteeth formed in said chair; said gear teeth extending above and belowsaid concave surface; said concave surface being curved longitudinallyof said chair.

15. In a chair for use in a railway truck, the combination of, a lowerwall having a flat surface arranged to bear upon a correspondinglyformed surface of a side frame, ribs inwardly and outwardly of said sideframe extending below said flat surface for locking said chair to saidside frame, a concave surface spaced above said flat surface, and gearteeth formed in said chair; the pitch circle of said gear teethcoinciding with the curvature of said concave surface.

16. In a bolster for use in a railway truck, the combination of, an endformed on said bolster, side walls of said end having vertical surfacesparallel to one another and terminating adjacent the top of said bolsterin surfaces inclined inwardly of said bolster, said inclined surfacesbeing arranged to bear fully against adjacent surfaces on columns of aside frame to limit the angular movement of said bolster on said sideframe, a convex surface on a bottom wall of said end, and a line of gearteeth formed transversely of and on said bottom wall.

1'7. In a bolster for use in a railway truck, the combination of, an endformed on said bolster, side walls of said end having surfaces disposedvertically and parallel to one another, upper limits only of saidparallel surfaces merging with inclined surfaces, and a convex surfaceon a bottom wall of said end.

18. In a bolster for use in a railway truck, the combination of, an endformed on said bolster, side walls of said end having adjacent the topthereof surfaces arranged at an angle to adjacent surfaces on columns ofa side frame, a convex surface on a bottom wall of said end, and a lineof gear teeth formed on said bottom wall; a pitch circle of said gearteeth being curved to coincide with said convex surface and a surfaceformed on said side frame on which said bolster may rock, said surfacesengaging the surface on the said frame to limit the rocking movement ofsaid bolster.

19. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting awindow opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within saidwindow opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair andcurved longitudinally of said Side frame, upwardly extending teeth ateach side of said concave surface, a bolster having an end extendinginto said window opening, a convex surface on said bolster end bearingupon and of less radius than said concave surface, and downwardlyextending teeth at each side of said convex surface and meshing withsaid upwardly extending teeth to prevent horizontal angling movementbetween said bolster and chair.

20. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting awindow opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within saidwindow opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair andcurved longitudinally of said side frame, upwardly extending teethdisposed transversely of said truck at each side of said concavesurface, a bolster having an end extending into said window opening, aconvex surface on said bolster curved longitudinally of said side frameand bearing upon said concave surface, said convex surface being of lessradius than said concave surface, downwardly directed teeth disposedtransversely of said truck at each side of said convex surface andmeshing with said upwardly extending teeth to prevent horizontal anglingof said bolster relative to said chair, and means on said chair withinsaid window opening and extending into said bolster to preventseparation of said chair and bolster.

21. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting awindow opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within saidwindow opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair andcurved longitudinally of said side frame, upwardly extending teethdisposed transversely of said truck at each side of said concavesurface, a bolster having an end extending into said window opening, aconvex surface on said bolster curved longitudinally of said side frameand bearing upon said concave surface, said convex surface being of lessradius than said concave surface, downwardly directed teeth disposedtransversely of said truck at each side of said convex surface andmeshing with said upwardly extending teeth to prevent horizontal anglingof said bolster relative to said chair, and means on said chair at endsof said concave surface extending through apertures in said bolster forpreventing vertical separation of said chair and bolster.

22. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting awindow opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within saidwindow opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair andcurved longitudinally of said side frame, a bolster mounted directly onsaid chair within said window opening, a convex surface on said bolsterof less radius than and bearing upon said concave surface, said concaveand convex surfaces being curved longitudi- 13 nally of said truck, arow of teeth at each side of said concave surface extending into saidbolster from said chair, and a second row of teeth at each side of saidconvex surface extending into said chair from said bolster, said chairand bolster teeth being relieved of any vertical loads and offeringresistance to a horizontal angling movement of said bolster relative tosaid chair.

23. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting awindow opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within saidwindow opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair andcurved longitudinally of said side frame, a bolster mounted directly onsaid chair within said window opening, a convex surface on said bolsterof less radius than and bearing upon said concave surface, said concaveand convex surfaces being curved longitudinally of said truck, a row ofteeth at each side of said concave surface extending into said bolsterfrom said chair, a second row of teeth at each side of said convexsurface extending into said chair from said bolster, said chair andbolster teeth being relieved of any vertical loads and offeringresistance to a horizontal angling movement of said bolster relative tosaid chair, and means at ends of said convex and concave surfaces forpreventing vertical separation of said bolster and chair.

24. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting awindow opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within saidwindow opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair andcurved longitudinally of said side frame, a bolster mounted directly onsaid chair within said window opening, a convex surface on said bolsterof less radius than and bearing upon said concave surface, said concaveand convex surfaces being curved longitudinally of said truck, a row ofteeth at each side of said concave surface extending into said bolsterfrom said chair, a second row of teeth at each side of said convexsurface extending into said chair from said bolster, said chair andbolster teeth being relieved of any vertical loads and offeringresistance to a horizontal angling movement of said bolster relative tosaid chair; a pitch line of said chair teeth being coincident with saidconcave surface, and a pitch line of said bolster teeth being coincidentwith said convex surface.

25. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting awindow opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within saidwindow opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair andcurved longitudinally of said side frame, a bolster mounted directly onsaid chair within said window opening, a convex surface on said bolsterof less radius than and bearing upon said concave surface, said concaveand convex surfaces being curved longitudinally of said truck, a row ofteeth at each side of said concave surface extending into said bolsterfrom said chair, a second row of teeth at each side of said convexsurface extending into said chair from said bolster, said chair andbolster teeth being relieved of any vertical loads and offeringresistance to a horizontal angling movement of said bolster relative tosaid chair, and studs upstanding from said chair adjacent ends of saidconcave surface and extending through apertures in said bolster forpreventing vertical separation of said chair and bolster.

DONALD s. BARROW-s.

GLENN F. COUCH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name. Date 1,141,436 Turner June 1, 19151,194,349 Barber Aug. 15, 1916 1,740,059 Barrows Dec. 1'7, 19291,748,749 Barrows Feb. 25, 1930 1,910,992 Hedgcock May 23, 19331,996,644 Drenning Apr. 2, 1935 2,018,854 Hyman Oct. 29, 1935 2,063,739Hedgcock et al Dec. 8, 1936 2,233,479 Holland et al Mar. 4, 19412,282,166 Cottrell May 5, 1942

